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» Worldwide Rotavirus Surveillance 2001-2008
By Emma Frean | Published 01/27/2009 | Communicable Diseases | Unrated
Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of severe acute diarrhea among young children worldwide.[1,2] An estimated 527,000 children aged <5 years die from rotavirus diarrhea each year, with >85% of these deaths occurring in low-income countries of Africa and Asia.[3] Two licensed rotavirus vaccines have shown efficacy of 85%-98% against severe rotavirus diarrhea in trials conducted in the Americas and Europe,[4,5] and they have been introduced into routine immunization programs in 11 countries in these regions and in Australia. Additional trials of these vaccines are ongoing to assess efficacy in low-income countries of Asia and Africa, where vaccine performance might be affected by factors such as concurrent enteric infections, greater prevalence of malnutrition, and a greater prevalence of unusual rotavirus strains. Results of these additional trials are expected within the next 1-2 years. To collect epidemiologic and burden-of-disease data that could form the basis of vaccination policy worldwide, beginning in 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with partners, established networks of hospital-based sentinel surveillance sites for detection of rotavirus diarrhea and characterization of rotavirus strains. This report presents an analysis of results from the WHO surveillance networks for 2001-2008, which indicated that approximately 40% of diarrhea hospitalizations among children aged <5 years worldwide were attributed to rotavirus infection. The most common rotavirus strains found were G1, G2, G3, G4, and G9, and the distribution of strains varied markedly across regions. These data demonstrate the substantial burden of rotavirus diarrhea worldwide and highlight the potential health impact of vaccination...
» WHO Says No Alarm Over Ebola Spreading to Angola
By N/A | Published 01/27/2009 | Communicable Diseases | Unrated

LUANDA (Reuters) Jan 12 - The World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Monday there was no indication the deadly Ebola virus had crossed to Angola from the Democratic Republic of Congo, where it has killed 13 people.

"The epidemic is in the province of Kasai in Western Congo. There is no evidence it has spread to Angola," Luis Sambo, WHO regional director for Africa, said after meeting with Angolan President Jose Eduardo dos Santos.

"At this moment there is no reason to be alarmed."

His comments came after Angola closed part of its northeastern border with the Congo where an Ebola outbreak, in addition to killing 13 people, is believed to have infected 40 more.

The incurable haemorrhagic fever, which has a mortality rate of 50-to-90 percent, is transmitted by contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people.

Burial ceremonies where mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased can play a significant role in the transmission of Ebola. Health care workers have frequently been infected while treating Ebola patients.

In 2005, 329 people died in Angola's northern town of Uige, close to the border with Congo from a cousin to Ebola known as the Marburg virus.

(Reporting by Henrique Almeida; Editing by Michael Georgy and Michael Roddy)

» News - Recently released PLoS article looks at myths surrounding the HIV epidemic in Asia
By Emma Frean | Published 10/20/2006 | Communicable Diseases | Rating:

PLoS Medicine
October 10, 2006

Peter Godwin, senior adviser at the
National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and colleagues in the article discuss five "commonly held" myths regarding HIV/AIDS in Asian countries.
Read article...

» News - WHO effort to eradicate polio in danger
By Emma Frean | Published 10/19/2006 | Communicable Diseases | Rating:

Globe Newspaper Company
October 12, 2006

Global efforts to eradicate polio are in danger of failing because of problems in stopping transmission in India and Nigeria and of concern among donors that the job may take much longer than anticipated, international health specialists said yesterday.

The World Health Organization's technical advisory panel on polio eradication discussed the consequences of failure yesterday at the start of a two-day meeting in Geneva, officials said. But they decided there was no option but to push ahead toward eradication, Bruce Aylward , WHO's head of the polio-eradication program, said in a telephone interview last night.
Read more...

» Resources for Communicable Diseases
By Emma Frean | Published 06/18/2006 | Communicable Diseases | Unrated

Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal (CDC)
Journal published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

 

World Health Report 2004 - changing History
Compiled by the World Health Organisation, this report calls for a comprehensive strategy that links prevention, treatment, care and long-term support.


2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic - UNAIDS
The 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic represents the most comprehensive set of data on country responses ever compiled. Downloadable in chapters, it provides a global snapshot of responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

United Nations Population Fund (UNPF) Annual Report 2005
This report presents the response of UNPF to the tsunami and earthquake disasters in Asia, their efforts to end obstetric fistula and expand access to reproductive health, notes their endorsement of the Global Task Team’s recommendations and an intensified HIV/AIDS response, addresses work with governments to integrate population trends and dynamics into their development plans, and introduces their role in the new global Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health.



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